J Anesth Perioper Med. 2017;4(1):7-16. https://doi.org/10.24015/ebcmed.japm.2017.0002

Effects of Emulsified Sevoflurane and Ulinastatin on Liver and Lung Injury Induced by Bile Duct Ligation in Rats

Cai-Yang Chen*, Ming Zhu*, Long Wang, Fei-Xiang Wu, Li-Qun Yang, and Wei-Feng Yu

From Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

*The first two authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to Dr. Wei-Feng Yu at ywf808@yeah.net.

EBCMED ID: ebcmed.japm.2017.0002 DOI: 10.24015/ebcmed.japm.2017.0002


Abstract

Background
To investigate the effects and their mechanisms of emulsified sevoflurane and ulinastatin on liver and lung injury induced by obstructive jaundice in rats.

Methods
For the in vivo study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two parts. Part 1: Sham group, bile duct ligation (BDL) group, BDL and lipid vehicle infusion (BDL+V) group, BDL+ulinastatin (BDL+U) group, BDL+emulsified sevoflurane (BDL+E) group; Liver and lung function was examined by the concentrations of Total Bilirubin (TBIL), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and lung arterial blood gas analysis. Liver and lung damage was estimated histologically with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining in liver and lung samples. F4/80, the molecular marker of activated macrophages, was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Part 2: Sham+Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3)group, BDL+GdCl3 group, BDL+U+GdCl3 group, BDL+E+GdCl3 group. After the deletion of macrophages, liver and lung examinations were evaluated histologically with HE staining in GdCl3 treated rats. For the in vitro study, the RAW264.7 cell line was stimulated by the different treatments, then terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL staining), Hoechst 33342 staining and the expressions of apoptotic related genes were evaluated to further determine the protective effects of ulinastatin and emulsified sevoflurane.

Results
Emulsified sevoflurane and ulinastatin therapies alleviated cholestatic liver and lung damage, inhibited the activation of macrophages in the liver and lung tissues, and improved the liver and lung functions. And they were also found to inhibit apoptosis pathways.

Conclusions
Emulsified sevoflurane and ulinastatin treatments were proved to ameliorate BDL-induced cholestatic liver and lung injuries, which were related to the inactivation of the macrophages and the regulation of apoptosis pathways. The abovementioned mechanisms show new promising approach for the multi-organs injuries in the perioperative management.

Article Type
Original Article

Declaration of Interests
All authors have no other potential conflicts of interest for this study to declare.

Acknowledgements
The study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81170427, 81370513).

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